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Unintentional Injuries
Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in the U.S., and the leading cause among people ages 1-34. Injuries are not only debilitating and often devastating, but they disproportionately occur among young people and impose great costs on society. The majority of unintentional injuries result from motor vehicle crashes. Burns, falls, poisonings, suffocation, and drowning are the next leading causes of unintentional injury. Referring to injuries as "accidents", and thereby implying they are unavoidable, is misleading. Injuries are predictable with known risk factors and can be prevented. In the past twenty years death rates from unintentional injuries have declined due to effective policies and programs. These include, but are not limited to, minimum age drinking requirements, mandatory seat belt and helmet laws, airbags, childproof safety caps, and smoke alarms. PIRE's research in the area serves as a basis for developing programs to improve safety and for shaping policy and legislative activities at federal and state levels. PIRE's Centers carry out extensive analyses of social and economic costs of injury and the savings from prevention. Much of PIRE's work in this area has been on Transportation Safety.
with particular emphasis on crashes resulting from impairment due to alcohol or drugs. Other research has also focused extensively on the role of alcohol and other drugs in injury. In addition, PIRE has examined risk factors and evaluated prevention programs regarding injuries in relation to the workplace, firearms, boating, poisoning, and childhood
PIRE leads two technical assistance projects aimed at preventing injury. The goal of the Children's Safety Network Economics and Data Analysis Resource Center (EDARC) is to reduce injuries and violence among children and adolescents by strengthening the injury prevention infrastructure. The objective of the Technical Assistance Resource Center (TARC) is to provide technical assistance, training, and information to individual poison control centers and stakeholder organizations and agencies.
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The items below are selected from the PIRE Resource Finder, which you can search
for more publications, staff, etc., on any aspect of this topic.
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Published Literature
- The incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States (2006). Author(s): Finkelstein, E.; Corso, P. S.; and Miller, T. R.
- A comparison of the case-control and case-crossover designs for estimating medical costs of nonfatal fall-related injuries among older Americans, Medical Care (2005). Author(s): Finkelstein, E.A.; Chen, H; Miller T.R.; Corso, P.S.; and Stevens J.A.
- Comparison of injury case fatality rates in the United States and New Zealand, Injury Prevention (2005). Author(s): Spicer, R.; Miller, T.; Langley, J.; and Stephenson, S.
- Costs of occupational injury and illness within the health services sector, International Journal of Health Services (2005). Author(s): Waehrer, G.; Leigh, J.P.; and Miller, T.R.
- The Cost of Child and Adolescent Injuries and The Savings from Prevention, in Injury Prevention for Children and Adolescents: Research, Practice, and Advocacy (2005). Author(s): Miller, T.; Finkelstein, E.; Zaloshnja, E.; and Hendrie, D.
- The costs of unintentional home injuries, American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2005). Author(s): Zaloshnja, E.; Miller, T.R.; Lawrence, B.A.; and Romano, E.
- A benefit-cost analysis of the Harlem Hospital Injury Prevention Program, Injury Control and Safety Promotion (2004). Author(s): Spicer, R.S.; Miller, T.R.; Durkin, M.S.; and Barlow, B.
- Alcohol involvement in burn, submersion, spinal cord, and brain injuries, Med Sci Monit (2004). Author(s): Levy, D.; Mallonee, S.; Miller, T.; Smith, G.; Spicer, R.; Romano, E.; and Fisher, D.
- An estimate of the U.S. government's undercount of non-fatal occupational injuries, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2004). Author(s): Leigh, J.P.; Marcin, J.P.; and Miller, T.R.
- Assessing the Burden of Injuries: Competing Measures, Injury Control and Safety Promotion (2004). Author(s): Hendrie, D.; and Miller, T.
- Child and family safety device affordability by country income level: An 18-country comparison, Injury Prevention (2004). Author(s): Hendrie, D.; Miller, T.R.; Orlando, M.; Spicer, R.S.; Taft, C.; Consunjo, R.; and Zaloshnja, E.
- Costs of occupational injury and illness across states, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2004). Author(s): Waehrer, G.; Leigh, P.; Cassidy, D.; and Miller, T.
- Using Corporate Data in Research on Worker Health and Safety, American Journal of Evaluation (2004). Author(s): Spicer, R.; Nelkin, V.; Miller, T.; and Becker, L.
- Bridging the gap: Bringing together intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts to improve health and well being, Journal of Safety Research (2003). Author(s): Cohen, L.; Miller, T.R.; Sheppard, M.A.; Gordon, E.; Gantz, T.; and Atnafou, R.
- Preventing unintentional Injuries in schools: How to use data to build partnerships and develop programs, American Journal of Health Education (2003). Author(s): Spicer, R.S.; Young, Xan; Sheppard, M.A.; Olsen, Lenora ; and Miller, Ted R.
- Childhood unintentional injury worldwide: Meeting the challenge (2002). Author(s): Taft, C.; Paul, H.; Cionsunji, R.; and Miller, T.R.
- The State of Home Safety in America(TM). Facts about unintentional injuries in the home (2002). Author(s): Runyan, C.W.; Bowers, A.; Miller, T.R.; Oliver, D.; Baccaglini, L.; Lawrence, B.A.; Mears, E.; Black, C.; Romano, E.O.; Girasek, D.; Coyne-Beasley, T.; Zaloshjna, E.; Katcher, M.L.; Johnson, R.M.; Guohua, L.; Macklin, D.; Marshall, S.; Perkis, D.; Waller, A.E.; and Yang, J.
- Injury risk among medically identified alcohol and drug abusers, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (2001). Author(s): Miller, Ted R.; Lestina, Diane C.; and Smith, Gordon S.
- Cost-outcome analysis in injury prevention and control: eighty-four recent estimates for the United States, Medical Care (2000). Author(s): Miller, Ted R.; and Levy, David T.
- Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries, JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association (2000). Author(s): Holder, Harold D.; Gruenewald, Paul J.; Ponicki, William R.; and (et al.)
- Estimating the costs of non-fatal consumer product injuries in the United States, Injury Control & Safety Promotion (2000). Author(s): Lawrence, B.A.; Miller, T.R.; Jensen, A.F.; Fisher, D.A.; and Zamula, W.W.
- Incidence and costs of 1987-1994 childhood injuries: demographic breakdowns, Pediatrics (2000). Author(s): Danseco, Evangeline R.; Miller, Ted R.; and Spicer, Rebecca S.
- The cost of childhood unintentional injuries and the value of prevention, The Future of Children (2000). Author(s): Miller, T.R.; Romano, E.O.; and Spicer, R.S.
- Measurement of alcohol-involved injury in community prevention: The search for a surrogate III, Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research (1997). Author(s): Treno, Andrew J.; and Holder, Harold D.
- Databook on nonfatal injury: incidence, costs, and consequences (1995). Author(s): Miller, Ted R.; Pindus, Nancy M.; Douglass, John B.; and Rossman, Shelli B.
- Estimating alcohol involvement in trauma patients: Search for a surrogate, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (1994). Author(s): Treno, Andrew J.; Cooper, Kirby; and Roeper, Peter
- Injury-related medical care utilization in a problem drinking population, American Journal of Public Health (1991). Author(s): Holder, Harold D.; and Blose, James O.
- Drinking, alcohol availability and injuries: A systems model of complex relationships, in Drinking and Casualties: Accidents, Poisonings, and Violence in an International Perspective (1989). Author(s): Holder, H.D.
- Alcohol and unintentional injury: beyond the motor vehicle, Rhode Island Medical Journal (1986). Author(s): Rockett, Ian; and Putnam, Sandra
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Staff Experts
- Bruce A. Lawrence, PhD, Research Scientist
- Ted Miller, PhD, Senior Research Scientist II
- Eduardo Romano, PhD, Senior Research Scientist I
- Rebecca Spicer, MPH, PhD, Research Scientist
- Geetha Waehrer, PhD, Research Scientist
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PIRE Projects
- Costs Associated with Unintentional Home Injury for Employers in the U.S., Home Safety Council (2/14/2003 - 2/21/2003)
- Evaluation of the Cost of Injuries, Research Triangle Institute (RTI) (9/3/2002 - 8/31/2005)
- Develop a Report on the State of Safety in 14 Countries, Safe Kids (6/26/2002 - 12/31/2002)
- State of Home Safety in America, Lowe's Home Safety Council (5/1/2002 - 12/31/2002)
- Motorcycle Injury Rehabilitation Costs, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (6/26/2001 - 12/31/2001)
- Understanding Occupational Injury and Illness Trends, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (6/1/2000 - 5/31/2004)
- Compile an inventory of existing data systems, sources of National and State Data on injury and illness mortality, morbidity, and the social and economic consequences, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (3/8/2000 - 9/15/2000)
- INJURY COST MODEL (ICM), U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (9/30/1999 - )
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