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Holder, Harold D. (1998) The national effort, "Preventing Alcohol Trauma: A Community Trial" was a five-year research project with a goal to reduce local alcohol-involved injuries and death in three experimental communities of approximately 100,000 population each (one in Northern California, one in Southern California, and one in South Carolina). The communities contained quite diverse racial and ethnic diversity as well as a mix of urban, suburban, and rural settings. Each of these three communities had a control community that did not receive the prevention interventions. The project used an environmental policy approach to prevention and implemented five mutually reinforcing components: (1) community mobilization to develop communication organization and support, (2) responsible beverage service to establish standards for servers and owners/managers of on-premise alcohol outlets to reduce their risk of having intoxicated and/or underage customers in bars and restaurants, (3) a drinking and driving component to increase local drunk driving enforcement efficiency and to increase the actual and perceived risk that drinking drivers would be detected, (4) an underage drinking component to reduce retail availability of alcohol to minors, and (5) an alcohol access component to use local zoning powers and other municipal controls of outlet numbers and density to reduce availability of alcohol. Results show that the project has reduced alcohol-involved crashes, lowered sales to minors, increased the responsible alcohol serving practices of bars and restaurants, and increased community support and awareness of alcohol problems.
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